How to pronunce -ed /T/ /D/ or /ɪd/ Regular verbs in past tense

 -ed can be pronounced in three different ways: /T/ /D/  / ɪd /

1 ed is pronounced T  after verbs ending in these 

unvoiced* sounds: /k/  /p/ /f / /c/  /S/  /SH- ʃ / /CH- tʃ / /TH - θ /

P Help   Helped (Helpt)

k Work  Worked  (Workt)

F Laugh  /ˈlɑːf/  Laughed  (Làft)

S Relax /rɪˈlæks/  Relaxed  (Relaxt)

SH- ʃ  Wash ˈ/'wɒʃ/  Washed   (Washt)

CH- tʃ  Watch  /ˈwɒtʃ/   Watched  ( Watcht)

TH- θ  Froth /ˈfrɒθ/  Frothed  (Frotht)

looked, hoped,  passed,based produced walked (wokt), danced,surfed,walked,

fixed /ˈfɪks/,dressed, finished, kissed.

[p] He popped a balloon.” [pɑpt]

[k] They talked a lot” [tɑkt]

[θ] “th”: She frothed a cup of milk [frɑwθt]

[f] I laughed at the movie. [læft]

[s] “She kissed a frog.” [kɪst]

[ʃ] “sh”: We brushed it off. [brʌʃt]

[tʃ] “ch”: I reached around for it. [riytʃt]

2 After voiced' endings -ed is pronounced D.

/ b /e /g / i / n /g-j-dʒ / l / m /r / th - ð  / u / v/  w / s-z / +y /ŋ /

B Describe   Described  (Describd)

E Agree Agreed

ŋ  Belong  /bɪˈlɒŋ/  Belonged (Belongd)

i identify -> identified (identifyd)

j-dʒ   Change  /ˈtʃeɪndʒ/  Changed (Changd)

L Travel  Travelled  (Traveld)

M Welcome   Welcomed  (Welcomd)

 N Design  Designed  (Desingd)

R Answer  Answered  (Answerd)

TH-ð  Breathe  /ˈbriːð/   Breathed   (Breathd)

U Continue  Continued   (Continud)

V Improve   Improved   (Improvd)

W Follow  Followed  (Followd)

S-Z Amuse /əˈmjuːz / Amused  Amuzd /əˈmjuːzd/

+y Play  Played  (Playd)

  called, used ,arrived, showed, live, cleaned, amazed, showed,climbed, jogged, ordered, claimed

[b] It bobbed up and down.” [bɑbd]

[g] He begged her to stay. [bɛgd]

[ð] She breathed loudly. [briyðd]

[v] They loved it. [lʌvd]

[z] We raised her expectations. [reyzd]

[dʒ] They bridged the gap. [brɪdʒd]

[m] I claimed it was mine. [kleymd]

[n] They banned new members. [bænd]

[ŋ] She banged into the chair. [bæŋd]

[r] He cleared it up. [kliyrd]

[l] I rolled up the paper. [rowld]

3 After verbs ending in T or D the pronunciation of -ed is /ɪd/ 

D 

Need   Needed  (Needɪd)

Recommend  Recommended (Recommendɪd)

Persuede  Persueded (Persuedɪd)

Provide  Provided  (Providɪd)

Decide  Decided  (Decidɪd)

T

Start  Started  (Startɪd)

Act   Acted   (Actɪd)

Create  Created  (Creatɪd)

Participate  Participated  (Participatɪd) 

directed, invented, painted,hated

[t] 

I visited the Empire State Building. [vɪzɪtəd]

 She edited the research paper. [ɛdɪtɪd]

[d]

 We ended the game early. [ɛndɪd]

 He breaded the chicken. [brɛdɪd]

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